Gabatarwa

A cikin binciken kimiyya na zamani da bincike na gwaji, ɗakin tarin samfurin shine mataki na farko don tabbatar da amincin bayanai. Kuma a cikin wannan tsari, samfurin tarin vials, a matsayin maɓalli mai mahimmanci don ajiyar samfuri da sufuri, zaɓin sa da amfani da shi yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na samfurin da kuma daidaito na bincike na gaba.

Ana amfani da filaye masu tarin yawa a fagage da yawa. Daban-daban na vials an bambanta a hankali dangane da kayan, tsari, ƙari da kuma rufewa don samfurori daban-daban tare da kaddarorin physicochemical daban-daban, buƙatun nazari da yanayin ajiya.

Mahimman Rarraba Samfurin Tarin Vials

Nau'o'in samfurori daban-daban suna da buƙatu daban-daban don samfurori na tarin samfurori a lokacin tattarawa da adanawa.Saboda haka, fahimtar mahimmancin rabe-raben samfurori na samfurori zai taimaka wa masu gwaji don yin zabi mafi dacewa bisa ga ainihin bukatun. Gabaɗaya, ana iya rarraba bututun samfuri cikin sharuddan abu, hanyar rufewa da girma kamar ƙarfi da tsarin halittar jiki.

1. Rarraba ta abu: gilashin vs. Filastik

• Gilashin Samfurin Tubes: Yawancin lokaci an yi shi da babban gilashin borosilicate tare da inertness mai kyau na sinadarai da kwanciyar hankali na thermal, wanda ya dace da yawancin kaushi na kwayoyin halitta da yanayin sarrafa zafin jiki. Musamman ma a cikin madaidaicin bincike ko tarin abubuwan da aka haɗa cikin sauƙi, gilashin gilashin na iya guje wa lalata samfurin ko gurɓata yadda ya kamata.
• Filayen tarin samfuran filastik: kayan yau da kullum sun hada da polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, da dai sauransu. Sun fi tasiri da juriya da nauyi, kuma sun dace da daskarewa na cryogenic, tarin samfurin nazarin halittu, da gwajin gwaji na yau da kullum. Wasu daga cikin manyan filayen filastik suma suna da juriya ga wani nau'i na lalata sinadarai.

2. Rarraba ta hanyar rufewa: dunƙule, bayoneti, nau'in gland

• Nau'in dunƙulewa: mafi yawan nau'in, mai sauƙin buɗewa da hatimi, dace da yawancin bukatun dakin gwaje-gwaje na gabaɗaya. Sukullu-tashar jiragen ruwa yawanci ana guda biyu tare da PTFE/silicone gaskets don tabbatar da sealing da sinadaran karfinsu.
• Bayoneti irin: An rufe da sauri ta hanyar karye, dace da saurin aiki ko lokatai da ke buƙatar buɗewa akai-akai, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin dandamali masu sarrafa kansa ko wasu ƙayyadaddun tsarin gwaji.
• Nau'in gland: Rufe ta da hular karfe da gland, mafi yawan iska, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin chromatography na gas da sauran gwaje-gwajen da ke buƙatar kulawa mai yawa. Ya dace da adanawa da sufuri na dogon lokaci, musamman ana amfani da su sosai a gwajin samfurin muhalli.

3. Rarraba ta girma da siffar: daidaitattun, ƙarami, ƙasa mai maƙalli, da dai sauransu.

• Daidaitaccen gwangwani: kundin na kowa shine 1.5 ml, 2 ml da 5 ml, wanda ya dace da tarin da kuma nazarin yawancin samfurori na ruwa. Siffar galibi silinda ce, wacce ke da sauƙin kamawa ta kayan aiki mai sarrafa kansa.
• Micro vials: tare da ƙarar 0.2ml-0.5ml, wanda aka fi amfani da shi don ƙananan ƙananan samfura ko ƙirar gwaji mai girma. Ya dace da tsarin ƙirar ƙira.
• Filayen mazugi: Ƙarshen vial an tsara shi a cikin siffar mazugi, wanda ya dace da samfurin tattarawa, aikin centrifugal da sha'awar da ba ta da saura, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin gwaje-gwajen cire furotin / nucleic acid.
• Lebur kasa/zagaye na ƙasa: Ƙaƙwalwar ƙasa sun dace da kayan aiki na autosampling, yayin da zagaye na ƙasa sun fi dacewa da aikin hannu ko yanayin haɗuwa na vortex.

Aikace-aikace a cikin Samfuran Halittu (samfuran jini a matsayin misali)

A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin samfuran halitta na yau da kullun kuma na asali, ana amfani da jini sosai a fagage daban-daban, gami da bincike na asibiti, gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta, da bincike na ƙwayoyin cuta. Saboda hadadden abun da ke tattare da shi da aikin ilimin halitta mai karfi, abubuwan da ake bukata don kwantena masu tarin yawa suna da tsauri musamman. Kwayoyin tarin samfurin da aka yi amfani da su don aikace-aikace daban-daban sun bambanta dangane da ƙari, kayan aiki da tsarin tsarin, wanda kai tsaye ya shafi ingancin samfurori da daidaito na bincike na gaba.

1. Muhalli da manufar amfani

• Gwajin likita na asibiti: don jini na yau da kullun, biochemistry, electrolytes, gwajin matakin hormone, da dai sauransu, yana buƙatar zama mai sauri, inganci, guje wa hemolysis da gurɓatawa.
• Binciken kwayoyin halitta: irin su RNA-seq, cikakken jerin kwayoyin halitta (WGS), qPCR, da sauransu, wanda ke buƙatar buƙatu mafi girma don amincin acid nucleic da yanayin adana samfurin.
• Protein da metabolomics bincike: damuwa game da hana ayyukan protease, daidaituwar ƙarfi, kwanciyar hankali bayan maimaita daskarewa da narke.

2. Nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i-nau'i-tsari

• Mai dauke da vials na maganin jijiyoyi: Ana amfani da bututun EDTA sosai a cikin gwajin jini da kuma cirewar acid nucleic, wanda zai iya hana tsarin haɗin gwiwa yadda ya kamata kuma ya kare yanayin salon salula; Bututun Heparin sun dace da nazarin plasma, sun dace da wasu gwaje-gwajen sinadarai (misali, nazarin iskar gas na jini), amma tsoma baki tare da wasu halayen PCR; da bututun citrate na sodium citrate galibi ana amfani dasu don gwajin aikin coagulation.
• Bututun tattara jini mai tsabta mara-ƙira: ana amfani da shi don gwajin jini, kamar kama aiki, aikin renal, gwajin rigakafi, da dai sauransu. Bayan jinin ya daidaita ta dabi'a, ana raba maganin ta hanyar centrifugation don guje wa abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai suna tsoma baki tare da halayen gwaji.
• Vials na musamman don kiyayewa: Ya sanya daga high-ƙarfi PP abu, iya jure matsananci-low zazzabi (-80 ℃ zuwa ruwa nitrogen yanayi). Yawanci ana amfani da shi don adana dogon lokaci na plasma, serum, sassan salula, da dai sauransu, ana amfani da su sosai a bankunan samfurin nazarin halittu da kuma nazarin bin diddigin na dogon lokaci.

3. Gargadi

• Tasirin kayan aiki akan kwanciyar hankali samfurin: Filayen filastik na iya ɗaukar sunadarai ko acid nucleic, suna buƙatar amfani da ƙananan kayan talla ko jiyya na sama. Gilashin gilasai sun tsaya tsayin daka amma basu dace da duk yanayin daskarewa ba Ma'aikatan Lab suna buƙatar yin hukunci dangane da yanayin samfurin da kuma buƙatun gwajin.
• Muhimmancin alamar alama da tsarin ganowa: A lokacin gwajin, samfurori suna da sauƙin rikicewa saboda lakabi, cikakkun bayanai da sauran matsalolin, wanda ke tasiri sosai akan amincin bayanai. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da labulen bugu na Laser, daskararrun lambobi masu ɗorewa ko tsarin sa ido na lantarki (kamar RFID, lambar lamba) don ɗaukacin tsarin sarrafa samfurin.

Kiyayewa da sarrafa samfuran jini suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, kuma ɗigon tarin samfuran da suka dace ba kawai suna haɓaka adana ayyukan samfur da amincin ba, har ma suna da buƙatu don bincike mai inganci. Tare da haɓaka madaidaicin magani da fasaha mai girma na kayan aiki, buƙatun samfuran tarin ƙwayoyin halitta suna ƙara ƙara ruwa da kuma tsaftace su.

Binciken Sinadarai da Samfuran Laboratory

A cikin sinadarai na nazari, gano magunguna, gwajin amincin abinci da sauran ayyukan dakin gwaje-gwaje, kwalayen tarin samfurin ba kwantenan ajiya kawai ba ne, har ma da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa sosai na tsarin nazari tare da kayan aikin. Musamman a cikin ruwa chromatography, gas chromatography da sauran high-madaidaicin gwaji dabaru, zabin vials kai tsaye alaka da reproducibility da daidaito na bincike da kuma barga aiki na kayan aiki.

1. Aikace-aikace na vials a cikin ruwa chromatography da gas chromatography bincike

• Farashin HPLC: Ana buƙatar ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai don hana samfurin samfurin amsawa ko ƙaddamar da bangon vial. Yawanci 2 ml na dunƙule-saman gilashin vials tare da PTFE/silicone gasket iyakoki ana amfani da su, waɗanda ke da juriya ga kaushi na halitta kuma suna kiyaye hatimi mai ƙarfi. Don samfurori masu ɗaukar hoto, ana samun kwalabe masu launin ruwan kasa.
• GC kwalayen: tun da bincike na GC ya dogara sosai akan samfurin samfurin, ana buƙatar buƙatun buƙatun da za a rufe su sosai kuma ana yin su da gilashin gilashi tare da matsi; Bugu da ƙari, don hana asarar abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi, ana amfani da gaskets da aka riga aka buga don hatimi tare da iyakoki na aluminum.
• Aikace-aikace tare da ƙananan samfurin samfurin: Don babban aikin nunawa da gano abubuwan ganowa, ana iya amfani da microvials 0.3 ml-0.5 tare da cannulae don rage girman asarar samfurin.

2. Autosampling girman tsarin da bukatun dacewa

Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na zamani galibi suna amfani da autosamplers don haɓaka haɓakar ganowa da daidaito, kuma ana ba da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya don ƙayyadaddun vial da siffofi:

• Ƙididdigar gama gari: 2ml daidaitaccen caliber (OD 12mm * Height 32mm) shine babban samfurin wurare dabam dabam, ya dace da tsarin autosampling iri-iri.
• Bukatun bayyanar Vial: bakin kwalban yana buƙatar zama lebur, jikin kwalban yana buƙatar zama mai juriya ga jujjuyawar injin, don tabbatar da cewa hannun injin yana ɗaure kwanciyar hankali.
• Adaftan Tire na Musamman: Wasu nau'ikan tsarin suna buƙatar takamaiman tsari na ƙasa (lebur ɗin ƙasa, ƙasa mai zagaye, ko tare da tsagi) don dacewa da tiren vial.

3. Kayan aiki na musamman da ƙirar aiki

Don tabbatar da daidaiton ƙididdiga na samfuran hadaddun, dakunan gwaje-gwaje kan yi amfani da filaye na musamman:

• Inert borosilicate gilashin: Shi ne mafificin vial abu ga HPLC / GC saboda da high sinadaran juriya da kuma tsabta, guje wa dauki ko adsorption tare da gano abubuwa a cikin samfurin.
• Farashin PTFE GASKET: high ƙarfi lalata juriya, maimaita huda, dace da autosampling aiki allura, guje wa samfurin gurbatawa da yayyo.
• Silanization magani kwalban: Ana kula da farfajiya tare da sutura ta musamman don rage yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin binciken bincike.

Ta hanyar zabar kayan da suka dace, gine-gine da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, vials a cikin nazarin sinadarai ba kawai inganta haɓakar ganowa da kayan aiki ba, amma har ma suna taimakawa wajen daidaitawa da amincin bayanan samfurin. Musamman a cikin binciken ganowa da matakai na atomatik, daidaitaccen tsarin tsarin vial ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bayanai don tabbatar da ingancin gwajin.

Zaɓin Vials a cikin Tarin Samfurin Muhalli

Tarin samfurin muhalli ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kafofin watsa labaru, kamar ruwa, ƙasa, da yanayi, kuma samfuran suna da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan ƙila kuma suna iya kasancewa cikin matsanancin yanayi (misali, mai saurin lalacewa, mai saurin canzawa, gurɓataccen abu, da sauransu). Domin tabbatar da amincin bayanan da aka tattara kuma a bi ka'idodin ka'idoji, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar filaye masu dacewa don tattara samfurin.

1. Yanayin aikace-aikace

• Samfurori na ruwa: Ruwan saman Baokou, ruwan ƙasa, ruwan sharar masana'antu, da sauransu, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su don gano ƙarfe mai nauyi, gurɓataccen yanayi. Gishiri mai gina jiki, da sauransu.
• Cire ƙasa: samfurori na ruwa da aka samu ta hanyar hakar sinadarai, mai dauke da ragowar magungunan kashe qwari, karafa masu nauyi ko mahadi.
• Ruwan tattara barbashi na iska: samfurori da aka yi amfani da su don cirewa daga membranes tace ko kumfa mai shayar da ruwa.

2. Maɓalli na buƙatun don yin samfuri

• Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi: Kauce wa samfurin volatilization, yayyo ko danshi sha a lokacin sufuri ko ajiya, musamman muhimmanci ga VOC gano.
• Kyakkyawan juriya na lalata: samfurori na iya ƙunsar ƙaƙƙarfan acid, alkalis ko abubuwan kaushi, waɗanda ke buƙatar amfani da babban gilashin borosilicate ko kwalabe da aka yi da robobi na musamman.
• Zane mara kyau: Bangon ciki na vial yana buƙatar guje wa gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu ko amsawa tare da samfuran samfuri, kuma wasu nazarin suna buƙatar yin amfani da kwalabe waɗanda aka silanci ko an riga an wanke su.
• Yarda da ka'idojin samfur: Dukkan nau'ikan shirye-shiryen sa ido kan muhalli galibi ana yin su ne bisa ka'idojin kasa ko na kasa da kasa, kamar su EPA na Amurka, ka'idojin ingancin muhalli na kasar Sin don ruwan saman saman da sauransu, kuma dole ne a zabi filaye don biyan bukatun samfurin su.

Filayen da ba su dace ba na iya haifar da matsaloli kamar lalata abubuwan da aka yi niyya, tallan abubuwan gurɓatawa, da ɓangarorin bangaranci, wanda zai iya shafar daidaiton sakamakon gwajin ko ma haifar da rushe bayanai. Sabili da haka, zaɓin kimiyya da ma'ana na samfurin vial a cikin kula da muhalli ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da ingancin bincike ba, har ma yana da alaƙa da yarda da yanke shawarar muhalli na kimiyya.

Jagorar Zaɓin Vial: Yadda ake Zaɓa bisa ga Nau'in Samfura da Buƙatun Nazari

Fuskantar babban nau'in samfurin tarin vials, yadda za a yi ingantaccen zaɓi na kimiyya a cikin aiki mai mahimmanci matsala ce ta gama gari ga masu gwaji.

1. Samfuran kaddarorin sun ƙayyade zaɓin tsarin kayan aikin farko

• Properties na samfurin kanta: Idan samfurin yana da matukar damuwa, kwalban gilashi tare da kyakkyawan shinge mai kyau da kuma PTFE gasket an fi son ƙara yawan asarar abubuwan da aka gyara. A gaban samfuran lalata masu ƙarfi, yakamata ku yi amfani da kwalaben gilashin borosilicate masu jure wa sinadarai, ko amfani da polyethylene mai girma, robobin da ba su da ƙarfi da sauran kayan musamman da aka sani da kwalban. Bugu da ƙari, don samfurori masu aiki da kwayoyin halitta masu arziki a cikin acid nucleic, sunadaran ko microorganisms, marasa amfani da enzyme marasa amfani, vials ba zato ba tsammani suna buƙatar amfani da su, kuma an fi son ƙananan adsorption ko inert kayan aiki don kauce wa lalata samfurin ko ƙaddamarwa na musamman.
• Nau'i da daidaituwar kayan aikin nazari: Tsarin autosampling da aka yi amfani da shi, yana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa girman gilashin da aka yi amfani da shi, daidaiton bakin kwalban, kauri na gasket, da dai sauransu sun dace da daidaitattun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki na kayan aiki. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da daidaitaccen screw-top 2 ml kwalban gilashi don tabbatar da cewa allurar ta ciro a hankali kuma don guje wa toshewar allura ko zubarwa. Don samfurin hannu ko rarrabawa, an fi son nau'in vial mafi sassauƙa.
• Misalin yanayin ajiya: Yanayin ajiya na samfurin kai tsaye yana rinjayar zabin kayan aiki da tsarin rufewa na vial. Yawancin gilashin gilashi ko gilashin polypropylene sun isa ga samfurori waɗanda ke gabaɗaya a cikin firiji na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Idan samfuran suna buƙatar adana su a ƙananan zafin jiki (-20 ℃ ko -80 ℃), ya kamata a yi amfani da bututu masu daskarewa na musamman, waɗanda aka yi da ƙarancin zafin jiki PP kuma sanye take da tsarin rufewar O-ring. Idan an adana samfuran a cikin ruwa nitrogen na dogon lokaci, dole ne a yi amfani da vials na musamman na ruwa na nitrogen, sannan a yi amfani da iyakoki ko iyakoki da za a ƙarfafa don rufewa don hana daskarewa da fashe filaye. Bugu da kari, don kayan da ba a iya gani ba, ya kamata a yi amfani da vials mai launin ruwan kasa ko mara kyau ko sanye da na'urorin ajiyar haske.
• Ma'auni na farashi da girman gwaji: Don gwaje-gwaje masu yawa ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na koyarwa, za a iya zaɓar filayen filastik mai araha don rage farashin amfani. Don madaidaicin ƙididdiga ko ƙididdigar ƙima mai ƙima, ya kamata a mai da hankali kan tsabtace kwalban, ƙarancin kayan aiki, da aikin rufewa, wanda zai iya taimakawa tabbatar da daidaiton bayanai ko da a ɗan ƙaramin farashi. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin gina ɗakunan karatu na samfurin ko gudanar da ayyuka na dogon lokaci, yana da mahimmanci a ba da fifiko ga manyan filaye masu mahimmanci waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin barcode, juriya, da gurɓatawa don inganta samfurin bin diddigin da ingantaccen sarrafa bayanai.

Haɗe tare, samfurin samfurin, ko da yake ƙananan, shine muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi tsakanin ƙirar gwaji, ingancin samfurin da sakamakon bincike. Ta hanyar yin la'akari da tsari na samfurori na samfurori, kayan aikin gwaji, hanyoyin ajiya da girman kasafin kuɗi, tushen zafi na gwaji zai iya zaɓar nau'in samfurin da ya fi dacewa a kimiyance, yana kafa tushe mai tushe ga dukan tsarin bincike.

Hanyoyi na gaba da Sabbin Hanyoyi

Tare da haɓaka aikin injiniyan bincike na kimiyya da ra'ayin gwajin kore, samfuran tarin vials suna tasowa a cikin al'amuran kiyayewa da ban dariya da kariyar muhalli.

A gefe guda, manyan dakunan gwaje-gwajen kayan aiki suna da ƙarin buƙatu don saurin sarrafa samfurin da yawa, yana haifar da vials don matsawa a hankali zuwa ƙarami da daidaitawa. Karamin-size vials suna zama na al'ada, kuma lokacin amfani da atomatik tsarin, ba kawai ajiye sarari da reagents, amma kuma inganta aiki yadda ya dace, dace da na zamani gwaje-gwaje' bukatar gudun da daidaito.

A gefe guda kuma, bincike da haɓaka kayan da ba su dace da muhalli su ma sun zama abin da masana'antar ke mayar da hankali kan su. Domin rage nauyin mahalli da robobin da za a iya zubarwa ke haifarwa, da yawan vials suna ɗaukar abubuwan da ba za a iya lalata su ba. A lokaci guda, marufi da tsarin samarwa yana son zama mai sauƙi kuma kore, daidai da yanayin ginin dakin gwaje-gwaje mai dorewa.

A nan gaba, gwangwani ba kawai za su zama abin amfani ba, har ma da wani muhimmin sashi na fasaha da ci gaba mai dorewa na dakunan gwaje-gwaje.